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How much should a 1-2 years-old eat?

toddler eating

By Cheryl Tallman and Joan Ahlers

Parents often wonder how much food should their little ones (1-2 years old) be eating.

Recent media coverage suggests over the past 20 years, restaurants and food companies have been increasing their serving sizes. This trend is considered to be a contributing factor in the rise in obesity (among adults and children).
We all know that children should eat less than adults. After all, they are smaller. The following are some serving size guidelines for a 1-2 year old that may help you out.

Milk/Dairy: Servings:

16-20 ounces of milk per day. Whole milk, soy or rice milk are recommended. Other equivalents: 1/2 -3/4 ounce of cheese = 4 ounces of milk. 1/4 cup of yogurt = 2 ounces of milk.

Fruits and veggies:

Servings: 5 or more per day. Serving size: 1-2 tablespoons – Pureed, mashed, or cubed.

Grains: Servings:

3-4 per day. Serving sizes: 1/2 slice of bread, 1/4 cup of cooked cereal, 1/4 cup of dry cereal. 1/4 cup of pasta, 2-3 saltine crackers, or 1/2 tortilla.

Non-dairy proteins (meat, fish, beans, eggs): Servings:

2 per day. Serving sizes: 1/2 egg, 2-3 tablespoons beans (i.e. black, pinto, edamame, etc…), 1 tablespoon peanut butter, or 1 ounce of fish, lean beef, pork or chicken.

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Healthy Toddler Treat: Creamy Cranberry Dipping Sauce

cranberry yogurt dipping sauce

By Cheryl Tallman and Joan Ahlers

Yummy Toddler Food

Toddler Meal Kit

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Toddlers love to play with their food. Dipping sauces make foods taste good and provide your child with an activity that makes meals and snacks more fun. These two recipes are for children one-yer old or older. Enjoy these yummy dipping sauces – one for fruits and another for veggies, tofu, and meats.

What age to introduce cranberries to baby?

Over 12 months (cooked/juice/sauce).

Over 18 months (dried).

Creamy Cranberry Dipping Sauce

Healthy Toddler Treat: Creamy Cranberry Dipping Sauce

Recipe by Sugar Bee BabyCourse: Ages and Stages
Servings

4

servings
Prep time

5

minutes
Cooking timeminutes
Calories

40

kcal

Ingredients

  • 3/4 cup 100 percent cranberry raspberry (or grape) juice

  • 1/2 cup sour cream

  • 1/2 cup vanilla yogurt

Directions

  • Combine ingredients in a small mixing bowl, whisking until smooth.
  • Serve hot or at room temperature.
  • Perfect for dipping fruits and veggies

All about cranberries

The cranberry is a Native American fruit that grows on trailing vines like a strawberry, and thrives in wetland areas, called bogs. Cranberries are harvested in September and October.

The most common technique for harvesting is known as a “wet” harvest, which involves flooding the bogs with water to float the fruit for easy collection. In the winter the frozen water insulates and protects the vines.

The North American cranberry has a distinguished history. Native Americans used cranberries as food, in ceremonies, and medicinally.

Revolutionary War veteran Henry Hall planted the first commercial cranberry beds in Dennis, Massachusetts in 1816. Today they are farmed on approximately 40,000 acres across the northern United States and Canada.
Cranberries are available in a variety of product forms including fresh, juice, dried, and sauce.

Cranberries are a healthy fruit.

They contain no cholesterol and virtually no fat and are low in sodium and contain significant amounts of antioxidants and other phytonutrients. They may help protect against heart disease, cancer, aging, and other diseases. Cranberries contain bacteria-blocking compounds that are helpful in preventing urinary tract infections, and possibly ulcers and gum disease.

Cranberries for the family

Cranberry up your Thanksgiving meal by trying some of these tasty and simple ideas.


1. Football snack: Add dried cranberries to any nut mixture.

2. Salad: Sprinkle dried cranberries on mixed green or spinach salad. The sweetness of the cranberries is terrific with any vinaigrette dressing and is a great compliment to crumbled blue cheese or goat cheese.

3. Side dish: Add dried cranberries to your favorite stuffing, wild rice, or couscous recipe.

4. Veggie: Sauté onions, diced zucchini, and dried cranberries in olive oil. Season with a dash of turmeric, cinnamon, and rep pepper flakes. Great taste and awesome color!

5. Most important cranberries are yummy toddler food!

5. All American apple pie: Add ½frac12; cups of fresh cranberries to your favorite apple recipe.

6. Treat the whole family to fresh cranberry sauce. Make this simple recipe that can be made ahead of time.

Cranberry Mustard Dipping Sauce

Details

Servings
Prep time

3 minutes

Cooking time

0 minutes

Calories

30

Ingredients

  • 1/2 cup jellied cranberry sauce

  • 1 1/2 tablespoons grainy Dijon mustard

  • 1 tablespoon brown sugar

Directions

  • Combine ingredients in a small mixing bowl, whisking until smooth.
  • Serve hot or at room temperature.
  • Serve with raw/blanched veggies, baked tofu, chicken fingers or fish sticks.
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Introducing Finger Foods to Your Baby

Finger Food Mania: Tips and Recipes for Introducing Finger Foods to Your Baby

By Cheryl Tallman and Joan Ahlers

There is nothing cuter than watching your little one chase food around the highchair tray with her fingers, and seeing the sense of accomplishment in her face when a tiny little piece of food actually makes it her mouth.
When your baby is between eight and nine months old, you can begin to introduce finger foods to encourage your baby to begin self-feeding. It is very important that the texture of finger foods be very soft, so that your baby can “gum” the foods. To get food soft enough for gumming, many of them will need to be cooked.

Examples of finger foods that can be served raw include small pieces of:

  • Banana
  • Avocado
  • Tofu
  • Semi-hard cheeses — Jack, Colby, (introduce over 12 months)
  • “O” shaped cereal
  • Puffed rice cereal

Examples of cooked finger foods:

  • Apples slices
  • Pear slices
  • Whole asparagus spears
  • Carrots sticks/rounds or baby carrots
  • Zucchini or yellow squash rounds
  • Broccoli spears
  • Sweet potato slices or cubes
  • Whole green beans

To smooth the way for introducing finger foods here are few tips that may help you out:

  • Always feed your baby in a “seated position.” The risk of choking rises as you introduce finger foods.
  • Never let your baby eat foods without adult supervision.
  • Don’t be in a rush. Introduce finger foods one at a time and slowly add different ones.
  • Continue to feed your baby softly, pureed baby foods for most of the meal, and transition to more finger foods over a six- to eight-month period.
  • Start with foods your baby likes.

Here are few toddler finger food recipes to help you get started with finger food fun!

Sweet Potato Cubes – Yummy Toddler Food


Your baby will like the bright orange color and sweet taste of these little morsels. Babies have a natural sweet tooth developed from drinking breast milk or formula, which are sweet. The natural sweetness of sweet potatoes make them a favorite baby and toddler food!

Sweet Potato Cubes

Recipe by Cheryl TallmanCourse: Ages and Stages, Baby
Servings

4

servings
Prep time

5

minutes
Cooking time

5

minutes
Calorieskcal

Ingredients

  • sweet potato

  • cinnamon (optional)

  • nutmeg (optional

  • ginger

Directions

  • Wash, peel and dice sweet potato into small cubes about ½ – 1;-inch in size.
  • Place the cubes in a microwave-safe dish, cover, and cook them in the microwave on HIGH for 5 to 7 minutes
  • Let them stand for 5 minutes. You’ll know they are done if you can mash them with a fork.

Notes

  • Storage: Covered container. Stays fresh four to five days in the refrigerator or up to two months in the freezer.
  • What age to introduce? About nine months
Golden Delicious Apples

Cinnamon Apple Slices


Your baby will like the sweet juicy flavor and the challenge of picking these up will help develop her fine motor skills. These are super easy to make and great for any meal or as a snack!

Time needed: 15 minutes

  1. Wash, peel and core 1-2 golden delicious apples.

  2. Cut the apples into slices about 1/4-inch thick.

  3. Place the slices of apples in plastic bag and sprinkle a dash of cinnamon over the apples slices.

  4. Close the bag and shake it up so the cinnamon is distributed evenly over all of the slices.

  5. Place the slices in a microwave safe dish and cook them in the microwave on HIGH for 3 minutes.

  6. Let them stand for 5 minutes.

  7. They are done if a fork slides into them easily. Cool completely before serving.

Storage: Lasts four to five days in the refrigerator or up to two months in the freezer.

What Age to introduce:

About nine months

Dusted Tofu Cubes

These nutritious, little cubes are fun to pick up and they taste good too! For a little variety, you can use banana instead of tofu.

Ingredients

  • 1/4 teaspoon flax seed, finely ground

  • 1-2 tablespoons of Cheerios (or other cereal) OR 2-3 graham crackers

  • 5-6 1/2-inch cubes of firm tofu

Directions

  • Place ground flax seed and cereal/graham crackers in a bag and crush into crumbs.
  • Add tofu and shake lightly to coat the tofu cubes with the crumb mixture.
  • Serve immediately.

Age to introduce:

Over 12 months (without flax seed 8-10 months)

Your toddler is sure to love these yummy toddler foods.

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Child Development: 3 – 6-Month-Old Milestones

5 month old baby

Child Development Guide for 3-6 Months

Babies develop at their own pace, so it’s impossible to tell exactly when your child will learn a given skill. The developmental steps listed below will give you a general idea of the changes you can expect, but don’t be alarmed if your own baby’s development is not exactly as listed.

Social and Emotional

  • Begins to display a social smile
  • Enjoys playing with others and may cry when playing stops
  • Expressive and communicates more with face and body
  • Imitates some movements and facial expressions

Movement

  • Raises head and chest when lying on stomach
  • Supports upper body with arms when lying on stomach
  • Stretches legs out and kicks when lying on stomach or back
  • Opens and closes hands
  • Pushes down on legs when feet are placed on a firm surface
  • Brings hand to mouth
  • Takes swipes at dangling objects with hands
  • Grasps and shakes hand toys

Vision

  • Watches faces closely
  • Follows moving objects
  • Recognizes familiar objects and people at a distance
  • Starts using hands and eyes in coordination

Hearing and Speech

  • Smiles at the sound of your voice
  • Begins to babble
  • Begins to imitate some sounds
  • Turns head toward a sound

Developmental Health Watch

Alert your child’s doctor or nurse if your child displays any
of the following signs of possible developmental delay for
this age range.

  • Does not seem to respond to loud noises
  • Does not notice hands by 2 months
  • Does not follow moving objects with eyes by 2 to 3 months
  • Does not grasp and hold objects by 3 months
  • Does not smile at people by 3 months
  • Cannot support head well by 3 months
  • Does not reach for and grasp toys by 3 to 4 months
  • Does not babble by 3 to 4 months
  • Does not bring objects to mouth by 4 months
  • Begins babbling, but does not try to imitate any of your sounds by 4 months
  • Does not push down with legs when feet are placed on a firm surface by 4 months
  • Has trouble moving one or both eyes in all directions
  • Crosses eyes most of the time (occasional crossing of the eyes is normal in these first months)
  • Does not pay attention to new faces, or seems very frightened by new faces or surroundings

Source: CDC

Learn More about baby development:  Does your Baby Cry too Much?

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Child Development: Preschoolers Ages and Stages

preschoolers

Child Development Guide for Preschoolers

Children develop at their own pace, so it’s impossible to tell exactly when yours will learn a given skill. The developmental milestones below will give you a general idea of the changes you can expect as your child gets older, but don’t be alarmed if your child does not exactly follow the steps as outlined.

Child development by end of 36 months

Social

  • Imitates adults and playmates
  • Spontaneously shows affection for familiar playmates
  • Can take turns in games
  • Understands concept of “mine” and “his/hers”

Emotional

  • Shows affection openly
  • Shows a wide range of emotions
  • By 3, separates easily from parents
  • Objects to major changes in routine

Cognitive

  • Makes mechanical toys work
  • Matches an object in her hand or room to a picture in a book
  • Plays make-believe with dolls, animals, and people
  • Sorts objects by shape and color
  • Completes puzzles with three or four pieces
  • Understands concept of “two”

Language

  • Follows a two- or three-part command
  • Recognizes and identifies almost all common objects and pictures
  • Understands most sentences
  • Understands placement in space (“on,” “in,” “under”)
  • Uses 4- to 5-word sentences
  • Can say name, age, and sex
  • Uses pronouns (I, you, me, we, they) and some plurals (cars, dogs, cats)
  • Strangers can understand most of her words

Movement

  • Climbs well
  • Walks up and down stairs, alternating feet (one foot per stair step)
  • Kicks ball
  • Runs easily
  • Pedals tricycle
  • Bends over easily without falling

Hand and Finger Skills

  • Makes up-and-down, side-to-side, and circular lines with pencil or crayon
  • Turns book pages one at a time
  • Builds a tower of more than six blocks
  • Holds a pencil in writing position
  • Screws and unscrews jar lids, nuts, and bolts
  • Turns rotating handles

Developmental Health Watch
Alert your child’s doctor or nurse if your child displays any
of the following signs of possible developmental delay for
this age range.

Frequent falling and difficulty with stairs

Persistent drooling or very unclear speech

Cannot build a tower of more than four blocks

Difficulty manipulating small objects

Cannot copy a circle by age 3

Cannot communicate in short phrases

No involvement in “pretend” play

Does not understand simple instructions

Little interest in other children

Extreme difficulty separating from mother or primary caregiver

Poor eye contact

Limited interest in toys

By the end of 4 years (48 months)

Social

  • Interested in new experiences
  • Cooperates with other children
  • Plays “Mom” or “Dad”
  • Increasingly inventive in fantasy play
  • Dresses and undresses
  • Negotiates solutions to conflicts
  • More independent

Emotional

  • Imagines that many unfamiliar images may be “monsters”
  • Views self as a whole person involving body, mind, and feelings
  • Often cannot tell the difference between fantasy and reality

Cognitive

  • Correctly names some colors
  • Understands the concept of counting and may know a few numbers
  • Tries to solve problems from a single point of view
  • Begins to have a clearer sense of time
  • Follows three-part commands
  • Recalls parts of a story
  • Understands the concepts of “same” and “different”
  • Engages in fantasy play

Language

  • Has mastered some basic rules of grammar
  • Speaks in sentences of five to six words
  • Speaks clearly enough for strangers to understand
  • Tells stories

Movement

  • Hops and stands on one foot up to five seconds
  • Goes upstairs and downstairs without support
  • Kicks ball forward
  • Throws ball overhand
  • Catches bounced ball most of the time
  • Moves forward and backward with agility

Hand and Finger Skills

  • Copies square shapes
  • Draws a person with two to four body parts
  • Uses scissors
  • Draws circles and squares
  • Begins to copy some capital letters

Developmental Health Watch
Alert your child’s doctor or nurse if your child displays any
of the following signs of possible developmental delay for
this age range.

  • Cannot throw a ball overhand
  • Cannot jump in place
  • Cannot ride a tricycle
  • Cannot grasp a crayon between thumb and fingers
  • Has difficulty scribbling
  • Cannot stack four blocks
  • Still clings or cries whenever parents leave
  • Shows no interest in interactive games
  • Ignores other children
  • Doesn’t respond to people outside the family
  • Doesn’t engage in fantasy play
  • Resists dressing, sleeping, using the toilet
  • Lashes out without any self-control when angry or upset
  • Cannot copy a circle
  • Doesn’t use sentences of more than three words
  • Doesn’t use “me” and “you” correctly
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Strike Up The Band! Music Means More Than Fun!

preschool bou guitar

by Christina Lorenzen

The Love of Music

We may not all love the ballet, opera or an afternoon at a museum, but you would be hard-pressed to find someone who doesn’t like music. With so many kinds to choose from, from classical to hip hop to classic rock, there’s something for every taste. It’s long been said that “music soothes the savage beast” and many of us find ourselves soothed by our car radios on the way home from a long day of work. Music not only has the power to relax or energize us, it also has been shown to make children smarter.

Early Childhood

Early childhood specialists have conducted tests and concluded that preschoolers who received music lessons for several months showed specific advantages over their playmates who did not. Tests showed these children had improved dramatically in their abilities to color patterns of color, draw geometric figures and figure out mazes. These skills reflect spatial intelligence which is the foundation for complex types of reasoning needed in math and science.

BENEFITS of Music for very young children/preschoolers:

1. Promotes large and small motor skills development.
2. Cultivates concentration and focused listening.
3. Fosters early vocal development and enhanced social abilities.
4. Encourages parent/child bonding

It’s been proven that music stimulates all areas of a child’s developing brain.

Early musical exposure has been linked to superior motor abilities. It has even been shown to affect social abilities positively. Hands-on participation in music, especially during the brain’s crucial developing years of ages 3-10, is especially valuable. During the ages of 3-10, the areas of the brain responsible for higher thinking abilities are developing. What does all this really mean? Simply put, music is a healthy and natural opportunity for your child to express him/herself while promoting the positive development of the whole child – socially, physically and emotionally.

Dwindling School Programs

Unfortunately, with school funding dwindling each year, many schools have small music programs with limited room for children to participate. Many schools have cut their music programs altogether, taking away more than just the fun of playing from their students. If your child’s school does not offer a music program, check with a local music store/school and reap these rewards from your investment:

BENEFITS of Music for older, school-age children:

1. aids academic aptitudes in mathematics, science and the arts.
2. increases scholastic participation.
3. teaches the value of achieving goals
4. bolsters self-image and self-assurance.
5. inspires self-sufficiency and appreciation for teamwork.
 

Educational Toys Toddlers love

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How Much Sleep Does Your Child Need?

mom holding sleeping baby

Sleep is essential no matter how old you are, however, to a growing mind and body a lack of sleep can be very detrimental.

Slowed speech and various behavioral problems can stem from not sleeping enough as can a decrease in cognitive abilities. Many children also experience heightened stress and anxiety without proper rest.

American Psychological Association estimates that sleep issues affect 69% of children on a number of nights each week. If your child is having difficulty, some things to try are:

    • Reduce the amount of noise in the home. Have older siblings who are still awake play quietly and observe a quiet period that starts 15 to 30 minutes before bedtime. This time should be tranquil and there should be minimal stimulation this will allow the mind and body to calm and prepare to rest.
    • Make sure that the bedroom is not too hot or too cold and dress the child appropriately. This will ensure that the child will not become restless due to being freezing cold or sweating.
    • It is also important to have a set bedtime and routine. If everything happens at a standard time, the body will become adjusted to the schedule.

How much sleep does my child need?

Sleep Requirements by age are as follows:

AgeRequired Sleep
One to four weeks old15-16 hours each day
One to twelve months old14-15 hours each day
One to three years old12-14 hours each day
Three to six years old10-12 hours each day
Seven to twelve years old10-11 hours each day
Twelve to eighteen years old8-9 hours each day

As parents, you are constantly under the watchful eye of a child. The deprivation of sleep can affect adults in much the same way as children through moodiness and slowing the rate at which your brain processes information. Set a good example for your children by getting enough sleep yourself.

How Much Sleep do Parents Need?

Sleep deprivation suppresses your immune system, making you more susceptible to illness.

  • Being sleep deprived makes us more likely to catch a cold. In a 2009 study, people sleeping less than 7 hours per night had a 3 times greater risk of catching a cold than those with 8 hours or more. 
  • We all know that fatigue makes us crankier and easily inflamed, but it actually undermines a key part of the body’s inflammatory response—called cytokines— which are absolutely essential for fighting off infections. 
  • As exhaustion rises so does the risk of serious infection. In a study of 57,000 women, those trying to get by on less than 5 hours of sleep a night had a 50% increase in risk of pneumonia. 
  • Several studies have found that sleep promotes a stronger immune response to vaccines—which improves our body’s immunological memory. 
  • Sleep may also help our T cells better glom onto their target to fight infection, according to a recent study out of Germany.

Bottom line? Sleep is one of the best things you can do to strengthen your immune system and protect your body from cold and flu,” “Get your zzzz’s!”

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Newborn Baby Guide – Ages and Stages

newborn baby Indian

Babies develop at their own pace, so it’s impossible to tell exactly when your child will learn a given skill. The developmental steps listed below will give you a general idea of the changes you can expect, but don’t be alarmed if your own baby’s development takes a slightly different course.

Child Development Guide for Newborn through 2 months

Movement

The infant can lift and turn the head when lying on its back.

The neck is unable to support the head when pulled to a sitting position.

The hands are fisted, the arms are flexed.

Mimics stepping and walking — takes brisk steps when both feet placed on a surface, with body supported.

What are primitive reflexes? When should babies be in full operation?

Rooting and sucking — turns head in search of nipple when cheek is touched and begins to suck when nipple touches lips.

Tonic neck response — left leg extends when infant gazes to the left, while right arm and leg flex inward, and vice versa.

Palmar hand grasp — infant closes its hand and “grips” your finger.

Plantar grasp — infant flexes the toes and forefoot.

Babinski reflex — toes fan outward when sole of foot is stroked.

Moro reflex — extends arms then bends and pulls them in toward body.
placing — leg extends when sole of foot is stimulated.

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Baby Speech Development – Identifying Language Development Problems

family mom dad toddler

family
Parenting Toddlers

Lost for Words

As children are growing from being a toddler to childhood parents are usually very aware and concerned about their child’s development.

One of the most grieved about concern is the development of speech.

If you find that your child’s gurgles are not developing into “mama” and “dada” within a short period of time, this will cause anxiety for most.

Time to Take Action

If your child is two years old and is still not talking or she says a few words but in comparison to her siblings and other children her age, she is way behind.

You will probably try to explain it away various excuses, hoping the child will catch up. Some children are early walkers some are early talkers, so you will tell yourself there is nothing to worry about. Unless there are other areas of slowness in the child’s development parents will hesitate to seek medical advice.

If slow language development is becoming a worry you should contact your family doctor.

Your doctor may refer you to a speech therapist. A speech therapist is a health professional trained to evaluate and treat people who have speech, language voice or swallowing disorders that will affect their ability to communicate.

Speech Therapy

The speech therapist will evaluate your child with a special speech and language test; this can also include a hearing test as hearing difficulties can affect speech. Depending on the results the therapist may suggest activities you and your child can do at home to improve speech and language development. This can include reading to the child more regularly, speaking in short clear sentences, making it easy for your child to imitate you.

Make sure you use correct pronunciation and grammar.

The therapist may also recommend group therapy or refer you to another professional for further evaluation such as an audiologist (hearing specialist) or development psychologist.

Speech development warning signs
About 10% of all children have some difficulty learning a language. Experts encourage parents to make sure that the child hearing is not impaired, also that his speech development falls within the normal range.

Learn some signs that could indicate speech issues in your baby.

If you notice that your baby doesn’t startle at loud sounds, this could be an indication of hearing problems, which in itself will affect speech also.
If your baby’s eyes don’t follow you around when your talking this could be another sign of hearing problems. A baby is naturally curious about speech and will generally follow you around the room with his eyes if you’re talking or singing.

A baby will begin to imitate sounds between 4 to 6 months.

If your child is not doing this, it could be he can’t hear any sounds to imitate. Get him checked out by your doctor.

The typical 18-month-old baby will have a vocabulary of about 50 words.

If your child were not uttering any words at this stage it would be considered unusual. Most children start using 2-word combinations by 18 to 22 months. If your child were not putting two words together by the age of two and a half, this would be a red flag for language delay.
In some cases, the problem has a social or environmental cause, such as the lack of communication and stimulation in the home. Parents can help develop their children’s environmental skills by doing various tasks such as:

  • Read books and sing songs to your child on a daily basis beginning in infancy.
  • Introduce a wide vocabulary by giving everything its specific name.
  • Speak directly and clearly to your child giving him time to respond.
  • Avoid finishing the child’s sentences.

Speech Facts

There is great variation in the onset of expressive language. Children generally understand (“receptive speech”) far more than they can articulate themselves (“expressive language”).
Girls general develop the ability to communicate earlier than boys. Language can develop smoothly and continuously, or in spurts and jumps. Because language development varies, it’s important not to compare your child’s language and speech development to other children’s language and speech development.
Speech and language problems can certainly create serious social, emotional and academic challenges for children, but the good news is that it is treatable. The help of a healthcare professional and the love and support of a family can ensure that your child will never be lost for words.

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Positive Discipline for a Happy Toddler

mother and baby
by Nancy Samalin

When we hurt, insult or label someone we love, whose character is just starting to form, we’re obviously not helping their self-esteem.

Discipline and self-esteem have an important connection, especially when talking about toddlers.

“When you punish, slap, spank or yell, is it working? It’s not just that you’re saying something negative that makes a child feel bad about himself but we also need to realize that it doesn’t work.” says Nancy Samalin, M.S. and founding director of Parent Guidance Workshops in New York City.

A Practical Approach

An internationally acclaimed speaker and author of 3 popular books, Nancy Samalin educates and helps parents get along with kids. Nancy says “I think the emphasis should be on practical rather than theoretical approaches.”

Ms. Samalin’s books do not tell parents what they “should” do but offer concrete information that they can use immediately in the here and now.
Children not only learn by what we tell them; that is why it is so important that parents become educated in the ways to deal effectively with young children in a positive way, so as to form a foundation for their healthy self esteem.

Parents of toddlers often use the word “no” too much.

“Save the ‘no’s for serious stuff,”

Nancy Samalin advises parents, “and keep in mind that toddlers have a limited vocabulary. Set limits on hurtful and dangerous behavior and let the small stuff go.” Giving the toddler more areas that are childproof means less need to constantly admonish and correct the child. Limited rules are necessary, but are rarely respected by young children. And it’s exhausting for a parent to be spending all of her time trying to enforce too many rules.

How to understand toddlers deliberate behavior and unintentional behavior.

Deliberate behaviors are unacceptable such as biting, hitting or purposely spilling milk. When parents assume that kids are misbehaving on purpose they are bound to get angry. Some behavior is age-appropriate.

“Discipline can be defined as the ability to set limits (which all kids need and very few want) without putting them down or making them feel bad about themselves,” says Nancy Samalin. Getting messages across clearly and simply without putting your child down (i.e.telling them that something is wrong with them) is key to your child’s confidence and esteem.

Avoid Labels

Nancy Samalin speaks about the power of words. “We speak the least care to the people we care the most about.” For the toddler whose character is still developing, we need to avoid labelling him or telling him what’s wrong with him. Mrs. Samalin says to try the “I’m mad vs.your bad” concept.

“For example, as seeing your child spill milk on purpose, you don’t want to say ‘you’re so messy’ but you can say ‘I don’t like that.’ Or talk about the milk: say ‘we drink milk, not pour it on the floor’. Using the word ‘you’ plus a negative word is saying to a child that something is wrong with you.”

When we talk this way children can’t help but feel as though they’re not ok or that they are a disappointment to their parents. Words, tone and expressions are picked up on by the toddler. “We need to use our words carefully,” says Samalin .

Turning Negative to Positive

For example, one mistake that parents often make is asking a child who is jumping on the table “What are you doing?”. It’s obvious the child isn’t about to tell you! You might say “no jumping on the table” or just remove them from the table.

You might even turn this unacceptable behavior into a positive experience by taking the child and saying “the floor is where we jump. I know how much you like to jump. So let’s jump together.” Offering an alternative is an effective way to redirect misbehavior.

Nancy knows that all parents no matter how loving get mad at their kids. Getting angry especially at toddlers is inevitable. The goal is to express anger without hurting your child (Love and Anger, Chapter 9).

Parents Need Time Out Too

Any parent of a toddler is familiar with the term “time out” “which offers a child a chance to cool down. But time out shouldn’t only be for kids. For a parent who is very angry and about to hit or insult her child, a time out, too, is beneficial.” Whereas discipline is teaching and guiding, punishment is different in that it hurts children whether physically or emotionally.

A parent needs to consider the importance of acknowledging good behavior, not just focus on the negative. “Whenever a child does something helpful or thoughtful be sure to say something specific or even hug them,” says Samalin. “Saying something as simple as ‘I like that’ or ‘I admire that’ is important. Point out the positive in a concrete way.”

When a child’s behavior is pleasing, a parent often believes a reward reinforces the act.

“The best reward for a young child should be your approval and your delight in them. Parents often believe a reward has to be something material. The best reward to give your child is your time.” This is tough today because parents are so busy.

Little things such as letting the answering machine pick up the phone while reading to a child is reinforcing that they are important. Reading with a child is one of the best activities you can share with them. The one on one closeness emphasizes how important they are.

“Read the book with enthusiasm and read a book that you enjoy as well,” advises Samalin. Many parents believe that lots of sports and numerous activities are essential to their young child’s confidence and esteem, whether their child wants to be there or not.  It’s not unusual today to hear of toddlers in dance, art, soccer or karate classes. Many parents have their kids over-scheduled, going from appointment to appointment.

Don’t Over Schedule

“Parents push too much. Children don’t have to be occupied every minute of the day,” Samalin says “they need lots of downtime.” Mrs. Samalin reminds parents that child does not need a room full of toys nor to be glued to a television set for hours at a time (please don’t keep a television in your child’s room).

When asked how to spot or know if a toddler’s esteem is healthy, Nancy Samalin gave this simple definition “A healthy toddler is a child who is able to be silly, funloving, full of laughter and energy.”

When it comes to esteem and your toddler, Nancy reminds parents of the one thing children need most – to have the adults in their lives enjoy them as they are and not as they wish they would be.

“A child’s self-esteem grows from the delight he sees in our eyes.”

Nancy Samalin is the author of LOVING YOUR CHILD IS NOT ENOUGH – Positive Discipline That Works, LOVE AND ANGER: The Parental Dilemma and LOVING EACH ONE BEST – A Caring and Practical Approach to Raising Siblings.

For more information about her books, her Parent Guidance Workshops or to contact Nancy about speaking arrangements and workshops